Burners and stingers are common nerve injuries occurring in the neck and shoulder, often due to impacts in contact or collision sports. These injuries are characterised by a sharp, burning, or stinging pain that radiates from the shoulder down the arm, often described as feeling like an electric shock.
How Nerve Injuries Occur
Nerves function as electrical pathways, transmitting signals between the brain and muscles. In the neck, these nerves extend from the spinal canal and form a network known as the brachial plexus, which is responsible for movement and sensation in the shoulder, arm, and hand. Burners and stingers specifically affect this network of nerves.
Common Causes
These injuries usually occur when the head is forcefully pushed sideways and downward, leading to the bending of the neck and compression of the nerves. Common scenarios include:
- Falls onto the head
- Wrestling takedowns
- Football tackles, particularly involving defensive players and offensive linemen
Risk Factors
- Participation in Contact Sports: Athletes involved in sports such as football and wrestling are at higher risk for these injuries.
- Spinal Stenosis: A smaller spinal canal can increase vulnerability to burners and stingers. This condition can be congenital or result from ageing and wear and tear.
Recognizing Symptoms
Symptoms of burners and stingers typically affect one arm and may last from seconds to several days. Common signs include:
- Burning or electric shock-like sensation
- Immediate numbness and weakness in the arm
- A warm feeling in the affected area
Diagnosis and Medical Evaluation
To diagnose a burner or stinger, your doctor will review your symptoms and the context of the injury. Imaging tests such as X-rays, MRIs, or nerve studies are generally unnecessary unless:
- Weakness persists for more than a few days
- There is ongoing neck pain
- Symptoms affect both arms
- There is a history of recurrent episodes
Treatment and Management
The initial approach to treatment involves removing the athlete from activity and ensuring that symptoms have completely resolved before returning to sports. Recovery can range from a few minutes to several days. Athletes should not resume activity if they continue to experience weakness or neck pain.
For persistent symptoms, working with a trainer or therapist may be necessary to regain strength and flexibility. Athletes with frequent stingers may benefit from using protective equipment, such as:
- Neck Roll: Provides additional neck stability
- Elevated Shoulder Pads: Includes options like “spider pads” or a “cowboy collar” worn over or under standard shoulder pads
